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Sweepbase · Issuer directory
Crypto Card Issuers & BIN Sponsors
Most crypto cards don't run on their own bank licence — they rent a regulated bank or e-money institution's BIN. The brand on the front (the program manager) sets the rewards and the app; the licensed sponsor behind it handles compliance, settlement, and the Visa or Mastercard relationship. When that hidden sponsor fails, the card stops working.
This directory maps which issuer backs each of the 171 cards in our dataset, drawn from our BIN-sponsor concentration research.23 cards self-issue on their own licence; 43 never disclose their sponsor at all. See the methodology for how we verify.
Confirmedsponsor named in the card's own terms.Inferreddeduced from program-manager naming, a press release, or a partial agreement — not yet confirmed verbatim.
Principal issuers — own banking / EMI licence
These entities hold their own licence and self-issue. They are the structural exception to the BIN-sponsor model — no third-party bank sits between the brand and the network.
WebBank
USA (Utah industrial bank, FDIC-insured)
Industrial bank
Confirmed
Gemini Credit Card · "The Gemini Credit Card is issued by WebBank." Mastercard World Elite.source
Synchrony Bank
USA (federal savings bank)
Federal savings bank
Confirmed
Venmo Credit Card · Issued under Visa licence. Synchrony explicitly disclaims the crypto-cashback programme: "Synchrony does not provide, recommend, or take responsibility for the cryptocurrency program."source
UAB ZEN.COM
Lithuania (Bank of Lithuania e-money licence No. 35, issued 2018-05-24)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Confirmed
ZEN Card · Self-issued: "ZEN.COM Cards are issued by UAB ZEN.COM under the licence of the respective Card Organization." Sibling entities ZEN-UK Limited (FCA) and ZEN.COM PTE. LTD. (MAS) cover other regions.source
EML Payment Solutions Limited
Australia (AFSL 404131, Mastercard principal member)
Australian financial services licence
Confirmed
CoinJar Card · PDS cl. 6: "The Issuer of the Card is EML." CoinJar Australia Pty Ltd is EML’s authorised representative (no. 1290193), i.e. the programme side.source
Papaya Ltd
Malta (MFSA registration C 55146)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Confirmed
Blackcatcard · Self-issuing EMI: "Blackcatcard is issued by Papaya Ltd."source
Xapo Bank Ltd
Gibraltar (GFSC permission 23171)
Credit institution (full banking) + Visa & Mastercard principal
Mastercard Principal Member direct (since July 2020)
Confirmed
Wirex Card · EEA: Mastercard issued by Transact Payments Malta Limited (Malta reg. 91879, MFSA e-money institution), Wirex UAB (Lithuania 305118023) as Program Manager, territory EEA excluding Cyprus and Liechtenstein. Singapore: Wirex Pte Ltd (201731976E) contracts as Card Issuer on Visa, on a MAS licence exemption, funds outside the Singapore Deposit Insurance Scheme. UK verified 2026-08-07: Wirex Limited is the FCA e-money institution, registration 902025, and the UK terms say the card spends "anywhere where Mastercard is accepted" — the Visa references there are the legacy Contis single-currency card, a partnership that ended 16 March 2021.source
COCA Card · "a prepaid Mastercard issued by Wirex Limited (in the UK), a principal member of Mastercard or UAB Wirex (in the EEA)"source
Cardano Card · "distributed by EMURGO and issued by Wirex"; the EMURGO launch release repeats it — "With Wirex as the card issuer". Which Wirex entity is never stated on the Cardano side, and for the EEA the claim is simply wrong: the issuer there is Transact Payments Malta, with Wirex UAB as programme manager. Checked 2026-08-07: cardanocard.io serves no terms or legal page at all (both 404, neither in its sitemap), so an applicant accepts Wirex regional terms — none of which mentions Cardano or ADA once.source
Foris Group (Crypto.com)
UK + Malta + Australia + Singapore
Self-issuance via 4 verified regional licences (FCA / MiCA CASP / AFSL / MAS MPI)
Visa Principal Member (Mar 2025) + Mastercard Principal Member (4 May 2026); program manager turned named issuer on newer launches
Confirmed
Plasma One Card · June 2026 terms: "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member"; US residents served via Bridge Building Inc.source
Jupiter Card · non-APAC side — docs: "issued by two partners, Rain and DCS" (APAC side via DCS)source
Tangem Pay Card · page now reads "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member" — named Third National until mid-2026source
Lydian Card · "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member, and operate over the Visa network" — underlying sponsor bank not disclosedsource
Karta Card · launch release: "The Visa card is issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member." Karta’s own site says only "we work with regulated financial and card-issuing partners" and "we are a financial technology company, not a bank".source
Xpollens
France (ACPR, CIB 16528 — RCS Paris 501586341)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Confirmed
Bitstack Card · Bitstack Digital Assets SAS operates "as an agent of Xpollens", so the licence is Xpollens' and the brand is Bitstack'ssource
UAB Pervesk
Lithuania (Bank of Lithuania EMI No. 17, LB000426)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Confirmed
SpectroCoin Card (discontinued) · in-house: SpectroCoin issues through its own EMI, so no third-party sponsor can pull the programme. Card closed to new EEA customers 1 July 2026 pending MiCA authorisation.source
Top BIN sponsors — by card count
The most-used sponsors across the dataset. Concentration is highest inside specific sub-markets (US self-custody, EU/UK self-custody) — the research covers the concentration math.
#1Third National (Nimbus LLC)
USA — Puerto Rico money transmitter (NMLS #2612780); a subsidiary of Signify Holdings, Inc. ("Rain") per Rain's privacy policy
Hyperbeat Card · "The Hyperbeat Card is issued by Third National pursuant to a license from Visa"; the card-terms document adds a Nigeria clause naming BANEX Microfinance Bank as the local marketersource
BonkX Card · pre-launch, waitlist only; Third National named in the user agreementsource
Xplace Card · platform operated by Pontech Group L.L.C-FZ; Rain railsource
Grey Card · Nigeria distribution runs through BANEX Microfinance Bank Limited as marketer, not issuersource
Belo Card · "El emisor de este programa de tarjetas es Third National." Belo’s older Argentine Mastercard was a separate, earlier program.source
Kraken Card · Kraken — UK + EEA; listed as Krak Card until 2026-07-17, merged after Kraken confirmed the two are one product. Old terms URL kraken.com/krak-card-terms now 301s here.source
Ledger Card · EU side (dual-sponsor — Cross River on US side)
MiniPay Card · "issued through Monavate’s regulated card issuing and Visa’s global payments network, with Gnosis Pay serving as technical enabler and program manager"source
El Dorado Card · "issued by Lead Bank pursuant to licensing by Visa U.S.A. Inc."; Bridge Ventures LLC named as "the Program Manager responsible for managing and operating the Card on behalf of Lead Bank"source
Bringin Card · T&C: "issued ... by a Third-Party Service Provider, Wallester AS (registry code 11812882), a Payment Institution authorized by the Financial Supervision Authority of the Republic of Estonia". vIBAN rail is separate — OpenPayd Financial Services Malta (C 75580).source
Brighty Card · re-verify — homepage says "Powered by Mastercard"
Tonhub Card · Tonhub is the wallet front-end of the Holders card program; Holders names Wallester as "a European-licensed financial institution ... issues VISA cards for Holders users with EU residency". Tonhub’s own terms page renders client-side and could not be read.source
Fiat24 Card (discontinued) · Fiat24 self-issues on its own FINMA licence; Fiat24-branded onboarding frozen since 2026-07-20 ("maintenance works"), closing the four partner wallet cards on that rail to new applicants
UR Card · "UR is the trademark of SR Saphirstein AG ... company registration number CHE-256.014.995" — same licence as Fiat24, different consumer brand. A Mastercard principal member almost certainly sits behind it; UR does not name one.source
Zoomex Card · Zoomex FAQ: "jointly launched by Zoomex and Swiss licensed financial institution UR"; the PR adds that assets are "custodied by UR, a registered trademark under the Swiss financial institution SR Saphirstein AG". Program provider named, BIN sponsor not.source
MEXC Card · standalone MEXC Card only (product DCS001, Philippines/Taiwan/Vietnam/Thailand). The separate MEXC x ether.fi co-brand runs on Third National and is covered by the Ether.fi Cash Card row. The terms name no card network.source
Jupiter Card · APAC side — docs: "issued by two partners, Rain and DCS" (non-APAC side via Rain)source
Coin98 Fusion Card · "Issued in partnership with DCS Card Centre Pte. Ltd, a trusted financial institution with decades of card issuance expertise" — DeCard brandsource
Takenos Card · Argentine Spicy Card: "El emisor de la tarjeta prepaga es Pomelo Fintech Services S.A.S." Takenos’ newer international TakeCard has separate terms naming only "el Prestador de Tarjetas".source
Binance Card · BR only; Pomelo names itself as BIN sponsor and program manager, but the licensed Brazilian entity is not identified in any primary sourcesource
Trustee Card · Trustee Plus — stopped processing 3 Feb 2026 (Quicko cascade)
#12Paytend Europe UAB
Lithuania (Lietuvos bankas) — e-money licence REVOKED, effective 3 Mar 2026
Confirmed
BingX Card (discontinued) · Paytend-issued Euro Mastercard, unusable from 3 Mar 2026; BingX relaunched 10 Jul 2026 on a Wirex-issued Visasource
BloFin Card · Aug-2025 capture: "'Paytend' means Paytend Europe UAB ... EMI License LB000480". The agreement defines "Card Association" as both Visa and Mastercard, so the network is unsettled.source
Secondary sponsors — two cards each
The Bancorp Bank, N.A.
USA (OCC national bank)
Confirmed
PayPal Debit Card · "The PayPal Debit Mastercard is issued by The Bancorp Bank, N.A. ... The Bancorp is issuer of the Card only and not responsible for the associated accounts."source
Modulr FS Limited
UK (FCA FRN 900573); EEA via Modulr Finance B.V. (DNB R182870)
Confirmed
Plutus Card · UK only. Terms list "Plutus Debit Card (via Modulr)" and describe the partner as "an authorised Electronic Money Institution", without specifying which Modulr entity. The EEA terms name nobody and state card services are "temporarily unavailable as we transition to a new banking partner".source
Pathward, N.A.
USA (ex-MetaBank)
Confirmed
Coinbase Card · US (Marqeta is the issuing processor, not the sponsor)
Bleap Card · "The Card is issued by Unlimit EU Ltd, an Electronic Money Institution authorised by the Central Bank of Cyprus", with Bleap in the programme-provider seat: "Bleap does not issue e-money, operate payment accounts, hold client assets or private keys, or provide custody". The Bleap programme entity is mid-migration from Bleap Finance Sp. z o.o. (Poland) to Bleap SIA (Latvia, 40203714425) — both sets of agreements were live on the site on 2026-08-07. Bleap SIA's Latvijas Banka CASP licence covers crypto-asset services, not card issuance.source
Tap Card · "Cards provided to EEA residents are issued by Transact Payments Malta Limited and cards provided to UK residents are issued by Transact Payments Limited pursuant to licences by Mastercard International." Source domain now dead; current site (withtap.com) names no issuer publicly.source
Zenus Bank
Puerto Rico (international banking entity)
Confirmed
CoinZoom Card · "the CoinZoom Visa (the 'Card') has been issued to you by Zenus Bank (the 'Bank')" — named in the first line of the cardholder agreementsource
Orient Corporation (Orico, 株式会社オリエントコーポレーション)
Japan (Tokyo; consumer-credit provider registered under the Installment Sales Act)
Confirmed
Slash Card · Joint release of 20 Apr 2026 splits the roles in its own words: オリコ as "BINスポンサー" for international-brand acceptance, 株式会社アイキタス (iQuitous, Tokyo) as "カード発行者" running customer management and systems, and SLASH VISION PTE. LTD. (Singapore) as programme manager and brand owner.source
Kulipa
France
Confirmed
Ready Card (discontinued) · Ready calls Kulipa "a regulated card issuer" and routes ID verification through it. Kulipa is the program layer; the EMI or bank underneath is not named by either party.source
Joint Development Bank (JDB)
Laos
Confirmed
UltimoPay Card · terms bind the cardholder to "the terms and conditions of the Joint Development Bank from which the card was issued" — the only Lao issuing bank in the setsource
BFF Cards, LLC
USA (program issuer named in the cardholder agreement; no sponsor bank named)
Confirmed
UglyCash Card · "the UGLYCASH's Visa Prepaid Card, which is issued by BFF Cards, LLC". Both agreements (BFF Prime, US; BFF United, El Salvador) were read end to end — neither mentions Bangor Savings Bank or "Member FDIC", so the Bangor attribution in search results is unsupported.source
JC Credit Limited
Hong Kong (money lender licence, Licensing Court)
Confirmed
UPay Card · "This Agreement is made between you and JC Credit Limited." A money-lender licence is not a card-issuing licence — JC Credit is the cardholder's counterparty; the actual issuing bank or BIN sponsor is never named.source
StraitsX
Singapore
Inferred
Pionex Card · StraitsX's own case study claims it provides "the underlying stablecoin-backed card issuance infrastructure powering the Pionex Card program". Pionex publishes no cardholder agreement and names no issuer across 66 card help articles, so this rests on one party's account.source
Wirex Limited
UK (FCA EMI, FRN 902025; England & Wales company 09334596)
Confirmed
Utorg Card · via Chain Valley Sp. z o.o. (Poland, KRS 0001036419); Wirex is a principal member of both Visa and Mastercard and no document names which scheme this card usessource
Tevau Technology Limited
Hong Kong (company reg. 76280597)
Confirmed
Fizen Card · program manager only; the issuing bank behind Tevau is undisclosed. Tevau still sells its own card, so this is not a cascade risk.source
Local distributors — licensed locally, not the issuer
A card issued abroad still needs someone answerable to the local regulator where it is sold. These entities market the card and file its returns; the bank behind the BIN is listed above, and is unchanged. Worth knowing anyway: if the local licence lapses, that country loses the card while the rest of the programme carries on.
BANEX Microfinance Bank Limited
Nigeria (CBN-licensed microfinance bank)
Local marketer of record, not the issuing bank
Confirmed
Hyperbeat Card · clause 7.4 "Nigerian Users": the card "is marketed to you by BANEX MICROFINANCE BANK LIMITED", which also files the requisite returns with the CBN. The issuer stays Third National.source
Grey Card · same arrangement: Nigeria distribution runs through BANEX as marketer, not issuer.source
Sponsor not publicly disclosed
These cards ship without publicly naming the licensed issuer behind them. We don't guess — non-disclosure is itself a transparency concern, and tightening MiCA and FCA rules through 2026 may force these out into the open. Until then, treat the issuer as unknown.
Sponsor relationships change, and some cards only name a program manager (not the bank behind it). We attribute only what primary sources state, label confidence honestly, and re-verify against the dated research. Spot an error? Report a correction. Last reviewed 2026-08-10.
