Most crypto cards don't run on their own bank licence. They rent a regulated bank or e-money institution's BIN. The brand on the front (the program manager) sets the rewards and the app; the licensed sponsor behind it handles compliance, settlement, and the Visa or Mastercard relationship. When that hidden sponsor fails, the card stops working.
This directory maps the issuer behind the 177 cards in our dataset wherever a source names one, drawn from our BIN-sponsor concentration research. 29 cards are issued by an entity holding its own licence rather than renting a BIN; 41 never disclose their sponsor at all. See the methodology for how we verify.
Confirmed means the sponsor is named in the card's own terms. Inferred means it is deduced from program-manager naming, a press release, or a partial agreement, and not yet confirmed verbatim.
Principal issuers (own banking / EMI licence)
These entities hold their own banking or EMI licence and issue directly, so no third-party BIN sponsor sits between them and the network. That is not the same as the brand issuing its own card: Crypto.com issues through its own Foris entity, but Gemini is issued by WebBank, Venmo by Synchrony Bank, and CoinJar by EML. The exception is to the sponsor model, not to the idea that somebody else holds the licence.
WebBank, confirmed
USA (Utah industrial bank, FDIC-insured)
Industrial bank
Gemini Credit Card · "The Gemini Credit Card is issued by WebBank." Mastercard World Elite.source
Synchrony Bank, confirmed
USA (federal savings bank)
Federal savings bank
Venmo Credit Card · Issued under Visa licence. Synchrony explicitly disclaims the crypto-cashback programme: "Synchrony does not provide, recommend, or take responsibility for the cryptocurrency program."source
Celtic Bank, confirmed
USA (Utah state-chartered bank)
State-chartered bank
Fold Bitcoin Credit Card · "The Fold Bitcoin Credit Card TM is issued by Celtic Bank, powered by Stripe®, and operates on the Visa® network." Separate from the prepaid Fold Card, which Sutton Bank issues.source
JSC Hash Bank, confirmed
Georgia (country)
Bank (licence details not checked)
WhiteBIT Nova USD Card · "Nova USD is a debit Visa card issued in partnership with JSC Hash Bank." The card terms PDF it links to could not be read.source
Flexewallet Pty Ltd, confirmed
Australia (AFSL 448066)
Australian financial services licence
Wayex Australia Card · "The Wayex Card is a prepaid Visa® issued by Flexewallet Pty Ltd ABN 16 164 657 032 AFSL 448066." CryptoSpend Pty Ltd, trading as Wayex, distributes and manages the programme.source
UAB ZEN.COM, confirmed
Lithuania (Bank of Lithuania e-money licence No. 35, issued 2018-05-24)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
ZEN Card · Self-issued: "ZEN.COM Cards are issued by UAB ZEN.COM under the licence of the respective Card Organization." Sibling entities ZEN-UK Limited (FCA) and ZEN.COM PTE. LTD. (MAS) cover other regions.source
EML Payment Solutions Limited, confirmed
Australia (AFSL 404131, Mastercard principal member)
Australian financial services licence
CoinJar Card · PDS cl. 6: "The Issuer of the Card is EML." CoinJar Australia Pty Ltd is EML’s authorised representative (no. 1290193), i.e. the programme side.source
Papaya Ltd, confirmed
Malta (MFSA registration C 55146)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Blackcatcard · Self-issuing EMI: "Blackcatcard is issued by Papaya Ltd."source
Xapo Bank Ltd, confirmed
Gibraltar (GFSC permission 23171)
Credit institution (full banking) + Visa & Mastercard principal
Mastercard Principal Member direct (since July 2020); Visa Principal Member per the Wirex litepaper
Confirmed
Wirex Card · UK and the rest of the world outside the EEA, Australia and New Zealand: the Wirex One terms say the card-based service is provided by Wirex Limited, the FCA e-money institution (registration 902025), and name no card scheme there; Novatti Group provides it in Australia and New Zealand. The Visa references in the old UK terms are the legacy Contis card, a partnership that ended 16 March 2021. The metal card on the Private and Bespoke tiers is a Visa Signature.source
Cardano Card · "distributed by EMURGO and issued by Wirex"; the EMURGO launch release repeats it, "With Wirex as the card issuer". Which Wirex entity is never stated, and for the EEA the issuer is Transact Payments Malta with Wirex UAB as programme manager; cardanocard.io publishes no terms of its own, so an applicant accepts Wirex regional terms, none of which mentions Cardano or ADAsource
BingX Card · BingX announced this Visa debit card on 10 Jul 2026 as issued by Wirex on Wirex's Visa principal membership, without naming the Wirex entity, and opened it to all eligible users on 11 Sep 2026. The earlier BingX Card was a Euro Mastercard issued by Paytend Europe UAB, unusable from 3 Mar 2026 after Lietuvos bankas revoked Paytend's e-money licence.source
Inferred
COCA Card · The cards-page footnote names Wirex Limited (UK) or UAB Wirex (EEA) as issuer of "a prepaid Mastercard"; COCA told us in writing on 15 September 2026 that the current card is a prepaid Visa and that this footnote is outdated. No public COCA document names the issuer of the Visa cardsource
Foris Group (Crypto.com), confirmed
UK + Malta + Australia + Singapore
Self-issuance via 4 verified regional licences (FCA / MiCA CASP / AFSL / MAS MPI)
Visa Principal Member (Mar 2025) + Mastercard Principal Member (4 May 2026); program manager turned named issuer on newer launches
Plasma One Card · June 2026 terms: "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member"; US residents served via Bridge Building Inc.source
Jupiter Card · The docs say the card is "issued by two partners, Rain and DCS"; Rain covers cardholders outside Asia-Pacific.source
Tangem Pay Card · page now reads "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member", where until mid-2026 it named Third Nationalsource
Lydian Card · "issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member, and operate over the Visa network", with the underlying sponsor bank not disclosedsource
Karta Card · launch release: "The Visa card is issued by Rain, a Visa Principal Member." Karta’s own site says only "we work with regulated financial and card-issuing partners" and "we are a financial technology company, not a bank".source
Rizon Card · terms: "a virtual or physical debit card, issued by our Partner, Rain"; the fees page names "Signify Holdings Inc. and its subsidiary Nimbus LLC (Rain), a third-party licensed financial service provider" and says Rain "operates under its own regulatory authorizations"source
Solid Card · international Card Terms: "“Issuer” refers to Third National, including its affiliates, successors, and assigns"; landing footnote: "The Solid Card is a Visa credit card issued by Rain". The US agreement ("Solid Credit Card Account Opening Disclosures", Maryland credit law) does not name the issuer entity. Licensed bank behind Third National not named; Solid's own launch announcement described the rails as Bridge, and that conflict is unresolved. This covers the Rain side: depending on the country of residence the card is issued by Rain or by Wirex, and Solid publishes no Wirex card termssource
Xpollens, confirmed
France (ACPR, CIB 16528); RCS Paris 501586341
Electronic money institution (EMI)
Bitstack Card · Bitstack Digital Assets SAS operates "as an agent of Xpollens", so the licence is Xpollens' and the brand is Bitstack'ssource
UAB Pervesk, confirmed
Lithuania (Bank of Lithuania EMI No. 17, LB000426)
Electronic money institution (EMI)
SpectroCoin Card (discontinued) · in-house: SpectroCoin issues through its own EMI, so no third-party sponsor can pull the programme. Card closed to new EEA customers 1 July 2026 pending MiCA authorisation.source
Top BIN sponsors (by card count)
The most-used sponsors across the dataset. Concentration is highest inside specific sub-markets (US self-custody, EU/UK self-custody). The research covers the concentration math.
#1Third National (Nimbus LLC)
USA; Puerto Rico money transmitter (NMLS #2612780), a subsidiary of Signify Holdings, Inc. ("Rain") per Rain's privacy policy
Ethena Pay Card · Card Terms: "References in these Card Terms to the "Issuer" refer to Third National"; programme "managed by Signify Holdings, Inc. d/b/a Rain"source
Moto Card · Card Terms: "The issuer for this card program is Third National."source
nsave Card · Spend Card Terms: "“Issuer” refers to Third National, pursuant to a licence from Visa"; access "provided to you by npay USA Inc."source
Hyperbeat Card · "The Hyperbeat Card is issued by Third National pursuant to a license from Visa"; the card-terms document adds a Nigeria clause naming BANEX Microfinance Bank as the local marketersource
Tuyo Card · Tuyo's account opening disclosure names Third National as the issuer, and tuyo.com/card names Rain for card issuance services.source
BonkX Card · pre-launch, waitlist only; Third National named in the user agreementsource
Xplace Card · platform operated by Pontech Group L.L.C-FZ; Rain railsource
Grey Card · Nigeria distribution runs through BANEX Microfinance Bank Limited as marketer, not issuersource
belo LUX Visa · "El emisor de este programa de tarjetas es Third National." belo provides access through Gralcey S.A.source
Pyra Card (discontinued) · This attribution covers Pyra's US card. Pyra named Rain as its card issuing partner. The issuing bank is inferred via Rain. The card was discontinued on 15 June 2026.source
Kolo Card · This attribution covers Kolo's Mexico card. The issuing bank is inferred via Rain.
SwissBorg Card · EEA via UAB Monavate, whose Bank of Lithuania authorisation code the card terms print as "LB002139901097". The wallet is provided separately by BlockNodes SAS.source
MetaMask Card · MetaMask's card FAQ names Monavate as the card issuer and Baanx as the provider of the card, without naming a region. A Cross River binding for the US card is listed separately and is not confirmed.source
MiniPay Card · "issued through Monavate’s regulated card issuing and Visa’s global payments network, with Gnosis Pay serving as technical enabler and program manager"source
El Dorado Card · "issued by Lead Bank pursuant to licensing by Visa U.S.A. Inc."; Bridge Ventures LLC named as "the Program Manager responsible for managing and operating the Card on behalf of Lead Bank"source
Bringin Card · T&C §9.1: "issued ... by a Third-Party Service Provider, Wallester AS (registry code 11812882), a Payment Institution authorized by the Financial Supervision Authority of the Republic of Estonia". vIBAN rail is separate: OpenPayd Financial Services Malta (C 75580), named in the same document.source
WhiteBIT Card (discontinued) · primary T&C unreachable, so the scheme is unverified
Brighty Card · homepage says "Powered by Mastercard"
Tonhub Card · Tonhub is the wallet front-end of the Holders card program; Holders names Wallester as "a European-licensed financial institution ... issues VISA cards for Holders users with EU residency". Tonhub’s own terms page renders client-side and could not be read.source
Fiat24 Card (discontinued) · Fiat24 self-issues on its own FINMA licence; Fiat24-branded onboarding is frozen ("maintenance works"), which closes the four partner wallet cards on that rail to new applicants. Fiat24 confirmed the suspension in writing on 29 July 2026, the date we flag; the banner was already up by 23 July. UR, the other consumer brand on the same licence, stopped opening new accounts on 22 July 2026.
UR Card (discontinued) · "UR is the trademark of SR Saphirstein AG ... company registration number CHE-256.014.995": the same licence as Fiat24, under a different consumer brand. UR does not name a card-scheme principal member behind the card.source
Zoomex Card (discontinued) · Zoomex FAQ: "jointly launched by Zoomex and Swiss licensed financial institution UR"; the PR adds that assets are "custodied by UR, a registered trademark under the Swiss financial institution SR Saphirstein AG". Program provider named, BIN sponsor not.source
MEXC Card · standalone MEXC Card only (product DCS001, Philippines/Taiwan/Vietnam/Thailand). The separate MEXC x ether.fi co-brand runs on Third National and is reviewed as the Ether.fi Cash Card. The terms name no card network.source
Jupiter Card · The docs say the card is "issued by two partners, Rain and DCS"; DCS covers Asia-Pacific.source
Coin98 Fusion Card · "Issued in partnership with DCS Card Centre Pte. Ltd, a trusted financial institution with decades of card issuance expertise", under the DeCard brandsource
Takenos Card · Argentine Spicy Card: "El emisor de la tarjeta prepaga es Pomelo Fintech Services S.A.S." Takenos’ newer international TakeCard has separate terms naming only "el Prestador de Tarjetas".source
Binance Card · BR only; Pomelo names itself as BIN sponsor and program manager, but the licensed Brazilian entity is not identified in any primary sourcesource
Lithuania (Lietuvos bankas); e-money licence REVOKED, effective 3 Mar 2026
BloFin Card · BloFin's card terms, as archived in August 2025, read "'Paytend' means Paytend Europe UAB ... EMI License LB000480". The same agreement defines "Card Association" as both Visa and Mastercard, so the network is unsettled.source
Secondary sponsors (outside the research top table)
The Bancorp Bank, N.A., confirmed
USA (OCC national bank)
PayPal Debit Card · "The PayPal Debit Mastercard is issued by The Bancorp Bank, N.A. ... The Bancorp is issuer of the Card only and not responsible for the associated accounts."source
Modulr FS Limited, confirmed
UK (FCA FRN 900573); EEA via Modulr Finance B.V. (DNB R182870)
Plutus Card (discontinued) · UK only. Terms list "Plutus Debit Card (via Modulr)" and describe the partner as "an authorised Electronic Money Institution", without specifying which Modulr entity. The EEA terms name nobody and state card services are "temporarily unavailable as we transition to a new banking partner".source
Pathward, N.A., confirmed
USA (ex-MetaBank)
Coinbase Card · This covers the US card. Marqeta processes its transactions; Pathward is the sponsor bank.
Wirex Card · Historical: this covers the US card relaunched in February 2025 via Bridge.xyz. The Wirex One country list of September 2026 no longer includes the United States, and Wirex does not explain why.
Bleap Card · "The Card is issued by Unlimit EU Ltd, an Electronic Money Institution authorised by the Central Bank of Cyprus", with Bleap in the programme-provider seat: "Bleap does not issue e-money, operate payment accounts, hold client assets or private keys, or provide custody". The Bleap programme entity is mid-migration from Bleap Finance Sp. z o.o. (Poland) to Bleap SIA (Latvia, 40203714425): both sets of agreements were live on the site on 2026-08-07. Bleap SIA's Latvijas Banka CASP licence covers crypto-asset services, not card issuance.source
Wirex Card · In the EEA the Mastercard is issued by Transact Payments Malta Limited under a Mastercard licence, with Wirex UAB (Lithuania 305118023) as program manager.source
Tap Card · "Cards provided to EEA residents are issued by Transact Payments Malta Limited and cards provided to UK residents are issued by Transact Payments Limited pursuant to licences by Mastercard International." Source domain now dead; current site (withtap.com) names no issuer publicly.source
Zenus Bank, confirmed
Puerto Rico (international banking entity)
CoinZoom Card · "the CoinZoom Visa (the 'Card') has been issued to you by Zenus Bank (the 'Bank')", named in the first line of the cardholder agreementsource
Japan (Tokyo; consumer-credit provider registered under the Installment Sales Act)
Slash Card · Joint release of 20 Apr 2026 splits the roles in its own words: オリコ as "BINスポンサー" for international-brand acceptance, 株式会社アイキタス (iQuitous, Tokyo) as "カード発行者" running customer management and systems, and SLASH VISION PTE. LTD. (Singapore) as programme manager and brand owner.source
Kulipa, confirmed
France
Ready Card (discontinued) · Ready calls Kulipa "a regulated card issuer" and routes ID verification through it. Kulipa is the program layer; the EMI or bank underneath is not named by either party.source
Joint Development Bank (JDB), confirmed
Laos
UltimoPay Card · terms bind the cardholder to "the terms and conditions of the Joint Development Bank from which the card was issued", which makes it the only Lao issuing bank in the setsource
BFF Cards, LLC, confirmed
USA (program issuer named in the cardholder agreement; no sponsor bank named)
UglyCash Card · "the UGLYCASH's Visa Prepaid Card, which is issued by BFF Cards, LLC". Both agreements (BFF Prime, US; BFF United, El Salvador) were read end to end, and neither mentions Bangor Savings Bank or "Member FDIC", so the Bangor attribution in search results is unsupported.source
JC Credit Limited, confirmed
Hong Kong (money lender licence, Licensing Court)
UPay Card · "This Agreement is made between you and JC Credit Limited." A money-lender licence is not a card-issuing licence: JC Credit is the cardholder's counterparty; the actual issuing bank or BIN sponsor is never named.source
StraitsX, inferred
Singapore
Pionex Card · StraitsX's own case study claims it provides "the underlying stablecoin-backed card issuance infrastructure powering the Pionex Card program". Pionex publishes no cardholder agreement and names no issuer across 66 card help articles, so this rests on one party's account.source
Wirex Limited, confirmed
UK (FCA EMI, FRN 902025; England & Wales company 09334596)
Utorg Card · via Chain Valley Sp. z o.o. (Poland, KRS 0001036419); Wirex is a principal member of both Visa and Mastercard and no document names which scheme this card usessource
Tevau Technology Limited, confirmed
Hong Kong (company reg. 76280597)
Fizen Card (discontinued) · program manager only; the issuing bank behind Tevau is undisclosed. Tevau still sells its own card, so this is not a cascade risk.source
Local distributors (licensed locally, not the issuer)
A card issued abroad still needs someone answerable to the local regulator where it is sold. These entities market the card and file its returns; the bank behind the BIN is listed above, and is unchanged. If the local licence lapses, that country loses the card while the rest of the programme carries on.
BANEX Microfinance Bank Limited, confirmed
Nigeria (CBN-licensed microfinance bank)
Local marketer of record, not the issuing bank
Hyperbeat Card · clause 7.4 "Nigerian Users": the card "is marketed to you by BANEX MICROFINANCE BANK LIMITED", which also files the requisite returns with the CBN. The issuer stays Third National.source
Grey Card · same arrangement: Nigeria distribution runs through BANEX as marketer, not issuer.source
Sponsor not publicly disclosed
These cards ship without publicly naming the licensed issuer behind them. We don't guess. Non-disclosure is itself a transparency concern. MiCA in the EU, and the UK crypto regime due to start in October 2027, may force some of these into the open. Until then, treat the issuer as unknown.
Sponsor relationships change, and some cards only name a program manager (not the bank behind it). We attribute only what primary sources state, label our confidence in each one, and re-verify against the dated research. Spot an error? Report a correction. Last reviewed 2026-09-25.